Scott Mcmurren, Anchorage Daily News, 15 Jan. 2021 Bad weather was an unwelcome multiplier, causing many to delay or cancel their trips. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.Recent Examples on the Web Strengthen 287g, to create a powerful force multiplier, across all law enforcement agencies.ĭave Wallace, Baltimore Sun, The good news is that the film has earned $53.8 million in eight days, a decent 1.31x weekend-to-cume multiplier. Ruth Penniston, Lisa Glasgow, and Omar Farooque provided excellent research assistance. We also thank Harold Cole, Alfonso Flores-Lagunes, Benjamin Friedman, Claudia Goldin, Kei Hirano, William Horrace, Shawn Kantor, Larry Katz, Aart Kraay, David Laibson, Emi Nakamura, Ron Oaxaca, Valerie Ramey, Christina Romer, David Romer, Jon Steinnson, James Stock, John Wallis, and participants at the following workshops and conferences for their helpful comments on the paper: Harvard, Oxford, London School of Economics, Warwick, Michigan, UC San Diego, Vermont, Clemson, Dartmouth, Guelph, Simon Fraser, University of British Columbia, Richmond, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, University College London, NBER Summer Institute Development of the American Economy 2009, NBER Summer Institute Monetary Economics 2011, and the All-UC Economic History Conference in Pasadena 2011. We benefitted greatly from extensive conversations with Robert Barro. The authors would like to thank Shawn Kantor, John Wallis, and Paul Rhode for providing access to data and their valuable advice.
Federal grants had stronger effects on consumption than on personal income, but they had no positive effect on various measures of private employment. There is some evidence that AAA farm grants had negative or no effect on personal income.
Some point estimates for multipliers for nontransfer grants and nonfarm grants were higher but not statistically significantly different from one. The state per capita personal income multiplier with respect to per capita federal grants was around 1.1. Using panel data methods we estimate a multiplier, defined as the change in per capita state economic activity in response to an additional dollar per capita of federal funds. We develop an annual panel data set for the 48 states from 1930 through 1940 with evidence on federal government grants, loans, and tax collections and a variety of measures of economic activity. Interest rates were near the zero bound, and unemployment rates never fell below 10 percent and there was ample idle capacity. If there was any time to expect a large peace-time multiplier effect from federal spending in the states, it would have been during the period from 1930 through 1940. Transportation Economics in the 21st Century.Training Program in Aging and Health Economics.The Roybal Center for Behavior Change in Health.Retirement and Disability Research Center.Measuring the Clinical and Economic Outcomes Associated with Delivery Systems.Improving Health Outcomes for an Aging Population.Early Indicators of Later Work Levels, Disease and Death.
Conference on Research in Income and Wealth.Boosting Grant Applications from Faculty at MSIs.Productivity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship.International Finance and Macroeconomics.
0 kommentar(er)
